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Background: Lamaze breathing is a breathing technique based on the idea that controlled breathing can enhance relaxation and decrease the perception of pain. Some of the important techniques for controlled breathing include slow, deep breathing. Pregnancy and childbirth are one of the greatest events in the life of a woman which she aspires and longs for with great expectation. Methods: The data were collected by using the structured close-ended knowledge questionnaire. From using the disproportional stratified random technique of 50 staff nurses. Attending HSK and Daddenavara hospital, Bagalkot in a pre-experimental survey. The data was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics in terms of mean, frequency distribution, percentage, paired t-test and chi-square test. Results: In post-test reveals that out of 50 staff nurses, the highest post-test (40%) of staff nurses had good knowledge, (30%) had excellent knowledge followed percentage (30%) of staff nurses with average knowledge. The overall findings reveal that the posttest knowledge score (30.54�66), which was (72.88%) of the total score was more when compared to the pre-test knowledge score (13�61), which was (36.05%) total score. The effectiveness of VATP in this area was a mean knowledge score of 17 with SD�04, which was (36.83%) of the total score. The calculated 't' value (17.77) was much higher than the table valve (1.96) for the degree of freedom 49 and 0.05% level of significance. Conclusion: The study provides that a video-assisted teaching programme on knowledge regarding the use of Lamaze breathing exercises among staff nurses was a scientific, logical, and cost-effective strategy.
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ABSTRACT Introduction: People with type 2 diabetes mellitus present multiple complications and comorbidities, such as peripheral autonomic neuropathies and reduced peripheral force and functional capacity. Inspiratory muscle training is a widely used intervention with numerous benefits for various disorders. The present study aimed to conduct a systematic review to identify inspiratory muscle training effects on functional capacity, autonomic function, and glycemic indexes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: A search was carried out by two independent reviewers. It was performed in PubMed®, Cochrane Library, Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (or LILACS), Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. There were no restrictions of language or time. Randomized clinical trials of type 2 diabetes mellitus with inspiratory muscle training intervention were selected. Studies' methodological quality was assessed using PEDro scale. Results: We found 5,319 studies, and six were selected for qualitative analysis, which was also conducted by the two reviewers. Methodological quality varied - two studies were classified as high quality, two as moderate quality, and two as low quality. Conclusion: It was found that after inspiratory muscle training protocols, there was a reduction in the sympathetic modulation and an increase in functional capacity. The results should be carefully interpreted, as there were divergences in the methodologies adopted, populations, and conclusions between the studies evaluated in this review.
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The aim of this randomized controlled trial was to analyze the effects of an inspiratory muscle training (IMT) program on apnea and hypopnea index (AHI), inspiratory muscle strength, sleep quality, and daytime sleepiness in individuals with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), whether or not they used continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP (+/−) therapy. The intervention group underwent IMT with a progressive resistive load of 40-70% of the maximum inspiratory pressure (PImax) for 30 breaths once a day for 12 weeks. The control group was submitted to a similar protocol, but with at a minimum load of 10 cmH2O. Changes in the AHI were the primary outcome. PImax was measured with a digital vacuometer, daytime somnolence was measured by the Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), and the quality of sleep by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). CPAP use was treated as a confounder and controlled by stratification resulting in 4 subgroups: IMT−/CPAP−, IMT−/CPAP+, IMT+/CPAP−, and IMT+/CPAP+. Sixty-five individuals were included in the final analysis. Significant variations were found in the 4 parameters measured throughout the study after the intervention in both CPAP− and CPAP+ participants: PImax was increased and AHI was reduced, whereas improvements were seen in both ESS and PSQI. The twelve-week IMT program increased inspiratory muscle strength, substantially reduced AHI, and had a positive impact on sleep quality and daytime sleepiness, whether or not participants were using CPAP. Our findings reinforce the role of an IMT program as an adjunct resource in OSA treatment.
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Background: Dental procedures, especially local anesthetic administration, are a source of great anxiety to children. Diaphragmatic breathing is defined as an efficient integrative body–mind training for dealing with stress and psychosomatic conditions. Pinwheel exercise is also a highly effective technique of “play therapy.” Aim: This study aimed to compare dental anxiety using pinwheel breathing exercise and diaphragmatic breathing exercise during buccal infiltration anesthesia. Methodology: Sixty children in the age group of 6–12 years with Frankel's behavior rating score of 3 who required buccal infiltration local anesthesia were selected. Subjects were divided randomly into two groups, i.e., Group A: children who performed pinwheel breathing exercise and Group B: children who performed diaphragmatic breathing exercise. The level of anxiety of the patients was recorded using an animated emoji scale. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 20 software with paired t-test and Chi-square test. Results: There was a significant reduction in dental anxiety score from score 1 (before the anesthetic procedure) to score 2 (after the anesthetic procedure) in both the groups. On intergroup analysis, children who performed pinwheel breathing exercise (Group A) showed higher values than children who performed deep breathing exercise without pinwheel (Group B) with a t value of 1.42 but was not statistically significant with a P value of 0.161. Conclusion: Pinwheel breathing exercise as well as diaphragmatic breathing exercise proved to be significantly effective in reducing dental anxiety during local anesthesia.
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INTRODUCTION: Asthma is characterized by a narrowing and inflammation of the bronchi, with symptoms of dyspnea, fatigue and exercise limitation. Physical therapy includes inspiratory muscle training and breathing exercises, given that an increase in inspiratory muscle strength and resistance can improve the symptoms of the diseaseOBJECTIVE: To describe the effects of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) and breathing exercises in children with asthmaMETHODS: This is a systematic review of the literature using the Cochrane, PubMed Scopus e Web of Science databases. The following descriptors were used: asthma, inspiratory muscle training, breathing exercises and child in Portuguese, English and Spanish. Two independent evaluators screened studies that used breathing exercises and IMT in children with asthmaRESULTS: Of a total of 312 titles, eight studies were included, of which six are randomized clinical trials and two are observational studies All the studies included breathing exercises, with the objective of adjusting breathing patterns and pulmonary ventilation, reducing pulmonary hyperinflation, bronchospasm and sensation of dyspnea. However, as these exercises were not performed solely, the effects of this intervention could not be verified. Two studies performed IMT and showed an increase in maximal respiratory pressureCONCLUSION: Breathing exercises are widely used in clinical practice as part of the management of asthma in children; however it is not possible to measure the effects in this population. IMT seems to improve inspiratory and expiratory muscle strength, but its indication in the pediatric population is not a standard procedure
INTRODUÇÃO: Asma é caracterizada por estreitamento e inflamação dos brônquios, com sintomas de dispneia, fadiga e limitação aos exercícios. O tratamento fisioterapêutico engloba treinamento muscular inspiratório e exercícios respiratórios, pois o aumento da força e resistência da musculatura inspiratória podem melhorar os sintomas da doençaOBJETIVO: Descrever os efeitos do treinamento muscular inspiratório (TMI) e dos exercícios respiratórios na criança com asmaMÉTODO: Revisão sistemática da literatura conduzida nas bases de dados Cochrane, PubMed, Scopus e Web of Science. Utilizou-se os descritores: asma, treinamento muscular inspiratório, exercícios respiratórios e criança e seus correlatos em inglês e espanhol. Dois avaliadores independentes elencaram estudos que realizaram intervenção com exercícios respiratórios e TMI na criança com asmaRESULTADOS: De um total de 312 títulos, foram incluídos oito estudos, dos quais seis são ensaios clínicos randomizados e dois observacionais. Todos os trabalhos incluíram exercícios respiratórios, com o objetivo de adequar o padrão respiratório e a ventilação pulmonar, reduzir a hiperinsuflação pulmonar, o broncoespasmo e a sensação de dispneia, porém como não foram realizados de forma isolada, comprometeu a verificação dos efeitos dessa intervenção. Dois estudos realizaram TMI e evidenciaram aumento nas pressões respiratórias máximasCONCLUSÃO: Exercícios respiratórios são muito utilizados na prática clínica como parte do manejo da criança com asma, entretanto ainda não é possível mensurar seus efeitos nessa população. O TMI parece melhorar a força muscular inspiratória e expiratória, mas sua indicação na população pediátrica ainda não é rotineira
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Humans , Male , Female , Child , Asthma , Breathing Exercises , ChildABSTRACT
Background: Changes in vital signs such as tachycardia, dyspnea, tachipnea, decreased oxygenation, caused by the inability of the heart to pump enough blood to meet the needs of oxygen and nutrients needed by the tissue, so that alternative therapies are needed: alternate nostril breathing exercise (ANBE) as a companion to pharmacological therapy for congestive heart failure (CHF) patients. The purpose of this study was to see the effect of ANBE on the vital sign of CHF patients.Methods: This Quasy experimental study was used one group pretest and Posttes design, conducted at one of the Padang City Hospitals from March to August 2019. Study population includes CHF sufferers, with a sample of 16 people, using accidental sampling technique. Univariate data analysis to get the mean of vital sign and bivariate measurements using parametric test i.e. Paired t-test to see the effect of this therapy.Results: Mean vital signs pretest and posttest was given in a row The observations are: respiratory rate (RR): 5.4978; 4.6078, pulse: 10.1804; 8,7770, systolic blood pressure (SBP): 12,5963; 11,1481, and diastolic blood pressure (DBP): 10,3009; 8.8606. Paired t-test obtained p-value of RR, pulse, SBP and DBP: 0.000, and existing t count> from t table (t count> 2.13145), so that there is an effect of ANBE on vital signs.Conclusions: ANBE affects the vital sign of CHF patients and can be continued as an intervention that can be carried out independently by CHF sufferers.
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Cardiopulmonary exercise testing is widely used in the evaluation of patients with left ventricular dysfunction, and some of these patients have an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD). However, this test presents specific challenges because of the susceptibility to ventricular arrhythmias during maximal levels of exercise. Objective: To evaluate the safety of cardiopulmonary exercise testing in patients with ICD. Methods: The study included patients with ICD who underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing between 2007 and 2015. The tests were completed once the electronic devices were programmed. The maximum allowed heart rate reached during exercise was 10 beats below the first therapy zone programmed. Results: The study included 69 patients with mean age 53.7 ± 10.8 years, including 68% men. Exercise time was 8.7±2.3 minutes, with peak oxygen consumption of 13.3 ± 4.3 ml.kg-1.min-1. Peak heart rate was 62.9 ± 13.4% of the maximum rate predicted, with all patients taking specific medication. Ventricular arrhythmia was observed in 29% of the patients, and paired ventricular extrasystoles, ventricular bigeminism or non-sustained ventricular tachycardia were observed in only 14.5% of the patients. There was no sustained ventricular arrhythmia resulting in ICD therapy or other complications, such as inappropriate therapies. The frequency of severe events was 0%, 95% CI (0 - 5.2%). Conclusion: In the sample of patients evaluated, the cardiopulmonary exercise testing was shown to be safe during its performance in a hospital setting, following the safety standards
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Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Defibrillators, Implantable , Exercise Test/methods , Oxygen Consumption , Arrhythmias, Cardiac , Cardiovascular Diseases , Body Mass Index , Death, Sudden, Cardiac , Electrocardiography/methods , Data Analysis , Heart RateSubject(s)
Humans , Heart , Cardiac Output , Reproducibility of Results , Healthy Volunteers , Monitoring, PhysiologicABSTRACT
Background: A widespread use of mobile phones among adolescents is of leading concern regarding common physical and emotional problems ranging from insomnia, headache, earache, problems in concentration, and fatigue. It is important to study the possible negative health effects of chronic mobile phone usage. Objectives: The objectives were to study the effect of 6 weeks of breathing exercise training on cognitive function in chronic mobile phone users. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 healthy volunteers (30 females and 30 males) who use mobile phones for >4 h/day for 1 year were included in the study. Breathing exercise training was given to them for 15 min in two sessions per day for 5 days in a week for a total period of 6 weeks under our direct supervision. Cognitive function parameters such as trail making A (s), tail making B (s), digit span, letter cancellation commissions, omissions, and letter cancellation time (s) were recorded before and after 6 weeks of the study period. Results: Average age of the male and female volunteers was 19.9 + 1.18 and 19.5 + 1.07, respectively. There was a significant decrease in trail making A and B (P < 0.001) and letter cancellation omissions and time (s) (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively) among the male volunteers. In female volunteers, trail making A and B (P < 0.05) and letter cancellation omissions and time (s) (P < 0.01) were significantly decreased. Furthermore, there was a significant increase in forward digit span (P < 0.001) in both male and female volunteers. Conclusion: Results of our study indicate that regular practice of breathing exercises for even short duration like 6 weeks improves autonomic functions and reduces stress which, in turn, improves cognitive functions.
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Background: Type 2 Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic syndrome that leads to hyperglycemia and complications in many organ systems. There are many ways to control hyperglycemia including diet, exercise, drugs, and insulin. Aim of the study: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of diaphragmatic breathing exercises on blood sugar levels and to identify the effects of regular diaphragmatic breathing exercise on HbA1c. Subjects and Methods: The study design used was a randomized controlled trial. Random sampling technique was used. Data was collected from working female nurses of Services Hospital Lahore and Jinnah Hospital Lahore who had type-2 diabetes mellitus. By using Ballot method 64 subjects were selected and equally divided into 2 groups randomly (32 subjects were in an interventional group and 32 in the control group). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Mean difference was measured by using independent sample t-test and paired t-test to see the pre and post effects of the same group. Results were summarized as mean and standard deviation. Results: The study results indicated that there was a significant reduction in fasting blood sugar level (p=0.009), post prandial blood sugar level (p=0.002) and post interventional blood sugar level (p=0.000) in the 9th week of the activity (breathing exercise). Pre and post the interventional mean difference in fasting blood sugar level was highly significant in the 12th week of intervention (p=0.000). No significant difference was found in the results of HbA1c (p=0.963). Conclusion: Diaphragmatic breathing exercise has favorable effects in controlling blood sugar levels among diabetes type-2 patients if it is combined with other exercises or therapies. Only breathing component cannot maintain the normal blood sugar level.
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Objective@#To evaluate the effect of six-character formula breathing exercises combined with long-term home oxygen therapy in the rehabilitation of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).@*Methods@#A total of 200 COPD patients in Shanghai First People′s Hospital were divided into control group and observation group by odd and even numbers with 100 cases each. The patients in control group received routine long-term home oxygen therapy and the patients in observation group received six-character formula breathing exercises as an adjunct to long-term home oxygen therapy. The patients completed the Modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) score at 1 month, 3 months and 9 months respectively. At 6 months and 12 months, the patients completed the mMRC score, the frequency of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD), the number of re-admissions, the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood (PaCO2) and St. George′s Respiratory Disease Questionnaire (SGRQ) scores. At 12 months, the patients were evaluated for the six-minute walking test.@*Results@#The duration of oxygen in observation group was (6.3 ± 1.7) h/d, was shorter than control group (7.5 ± 2.1) h/d (t=2.040, P=0.043). The frequency of AECOPD in observation group at 12 months was (3.12 ± 0.49) times/case, was lower than control group (4.95±0.65) times/case (t= 22.482, P <0.01). The frequency of re-admission in observation group was (1.09 ± 0.41) times/case, was lower than control group (1.22 ± 0.39) times/case (t= 2.215, P=0.028). The mMRC scores in observation group at 3 months and 9 months was (2.733±0.750), (2.749 ± 0.938), was lower than control group (3.186 ± 0.734), (3.197 ± 0.848) (t=4.317, 3.543, P<0.01). The SGRQ scores in observation group at 6 months and 12 months was (54.678 ± 9.318), (56.656 ± 7.294), was lower than control group (61.603 ± 8.989), (63.006 ± 7.387) (t=5.349, 6.117, P<0.01). PaCO2 in observation group at 12 months was (6.422 ± 0.864) kPa, was better than control group (6.856 ± 0.904) kPa (t=3.471, P=0.01). The walking distance of 6 minutes in observation group was (265.483 ± 19.277) meters, was longer than control group (232.966 ± 18.883) meters (t= 12.050, P < 0.01).@*Conclusions@#Six-character formula breathing exercises assisted with long-term home oxygen therapy can reduce the use of oxygen, reduce the frequency of AECOPD and readmission, improve the symptoms of COPD patients, and delay the pathological process of COPD.
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Objective To evaluate the effect of six-character formula breathing exercises combined with long-term home oxygen therapy in the rehabilitation of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods A total of 200 COPD patients in Shanghai First People′s Hospital were divided into control group and observation group by odd and even numbers with 100 cases each. The patients in control group received routine long-term home oxygen therapy and the patients in observation group received six-character formula breathing exercises as an adjunct to long-term home oxygen therapy. The patients completed the Modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) score at 1 month, 3 months and 9 months respectively. At 6 months and 12 months, the patients completed the mMRC score, the frequency of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD), the number of re-admissions, the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood (PaCO2) and St. George′s Respiratory Disease Questionnaire (SGRQ) scores. At 12 months, the patients were evaluated for the six-minute walking test. Results The duration of oxygen in observation group was (6.3 ± 1.7) h/d, was shorter than control group (7.5 ± 2.1) h/d (t =2.040, P =0.043). The frequency of AECOPD in observation group at 12 months was (3.12 ± 0.49) times/case, was lower than control group (4.95±0.65) times/case (t=22.482, P<0.01). The frequency of re-admission in observation group was (1.09 ± 0.41) times/case, was lower than control group (1.22 ± 0.39) times/case (t=2.215, P=0.028). The mMRC scores in observation group at 3 months and 9 months was (2.733±0.750), (2.749 ± 0.938), was lower than control group (3.186 ± 0.734), (3.197 ± 0.848) (t=4.317, 3.543, P<0.01). The SGRQ scores in observation group at 6 months and 12 months was (54.678 ± 9.318), (56.656 ± 7.294) , was lower than control group (61.603 ± 8.989), (63.006 ± 7.387) (t=5.349, 6.117, P<0.01). PaCO2 in observation group at 12 months was (6.422 ± 0.864) kPa, was better than control group (6.856 ± 0.904) kPa (t=3.471, P=0.01). The walking distance of 6 minutes in observation group was (265.483 ± 19.277) meters, was longer than control group (232.966 ± 18.883) meters (t = 12.050, P <0.01). Conclusions Six-character formula breathing exercises assisted with long-term home oxygen therapy can reduce the use of oxygen, reduce the frequency of AECOPD and readmission, improve the symptoms of COPD patients, and delay the pathological process of COPD.
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PURPOSE: This study aims to investigate the changes in pulmonary function, gait ability, and quality of life when NMES is applied along with CBE and to provide basic clinical data to be used in pulmonary rehabilitation guidelines for patients with COPD to treat patients with severe COPD. METHODS: For this study, CBE and NMES of quadriceps femoris on both sides were applied to the experimental group (n=10), and only CBE was applied to the control group (n=10). For a pre-test, a 6-minute walk test was performed, and pulmonary function and health-related quality of life were measured. Moreover, an exercise program was applied to each group for 30 minutes per session, 5 times a week, for 6 weeks. After that, a post-test was conducted the same way as the pre-test. RESULTS: In the within-group comparison, there were significant differences in forced expiratory volume in one second, 6-minute walk test and health-related quality of life between the experimental group and the control group (p < 0.01)(p < 0.05). In the between-group comparison, the experimental group showed an increase in forced expiratory volume in one second and 6-minute walk test (p < 0.05) and showed a decline in health-related quality of life (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The 6-weeks NMES program improved health-related quality in patients with severe COPD by increasing expiratory volume by reinforcing the function of quadriceps femoris. This finding implies that NMES could be an alternative mode for improving physical functions of patients with severe COPD, who cannot participate in a breathing exercise program or are reluctant to participate.
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Humans , Electric Stimulation , Forced Expiratory Volume , Gait , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive , Quadriceps Muscle , Quality of Life , Rehabilitation , RespirationABSTRACT
Objective To observe the effect of breathing exercise based on core strength training on nonspecific low back pain (NLBP). Methods From January to June, 2017, 60 patients with NLBP were randomly divided into control group (n=30) and ob-servation group (n=30). The control group accepted core strength training, and the observation group accepted breathing exercise in addition, for four weeks. They were assessed with Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Oswes-try Disability Index (ODI) before and after treatment, and their efficiency was compared. Results The scores of VAS decreased in both groups after treatment (t>4.173, P<0.001), and the scores of ODI de-creased in the observation group (t=3.875, P<0.01). The scores of both VAS and ODI were less in the observa-tion group than in the control group (t>2.595, P<0.05). The efficiency was better in the observation group than in the control group (χ2=3.874, P<0.05). Conclusion Breathing exercise based on core strength training can further improve function and relieve pain in patients with NLBP.
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AbstractBackground:Aerobic fitness, assessed by measuring VO2max in maximum cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) or by estimating VO2max through the use of equations in exercise testing, is a predictor of mortality. However, the error resulting from this estimate in a given individual can be high, affecting clinical decisions.Objective:To determine the error of estimate of VO2max in cycle ergometry in a population attending clinical exercise testing laboratories, and to propose sex-specific equations to minimize that error.Methods:This study assessed 1715 adults (18 to 91 years, 68% men) undertaking maximum CPX in a lower limbs cycle ergometer (LLCE) with ramp protocol. The percentage error (E%) between measured VO2max and that estimated from the modified ACSM equation (Lang et al. MSSE, 1992) was calculated. Then, estimation equations were developed: 1) for all the population tested (C-GENERAL); and 2) separately by sex (C-MEN and C-WOMEN).Results:Measured VO2max was higher in men than in WOMEN: -29.4 ± 10.5 and 24.2 ± 9.2 mL.(kg.min)-1 (p < 0.01). The equations for estimating VO2max [in mL.(kg.min)-1] were: C-GENERAL = [final workload (W)/body weight (kg)] x 10.483 + 7; C-MEN = [final workload (W)/body weight (kg)] x 10.791 + 7; and C-WOMEN = [final workload (W)/body weight (kg)] x 9.820 + 7. The E% for MEN was: -3.4 ± 13.4% (modified ACSM); 1.2 ± 13.2% (C-GENERAL); and -0.9 ± 13.4% (C-MEN) (p < 0.01). For WOMEN: -14.7 ± 17.4% (modified ACSM); -6.3 ± 16.5% (C-GENERAL); and -1.7 ± 16.2% (C-WOMEN) (p < 0.01).Conclusion:The error of estimate of VO2max by use of sex-specific equations was reduced, but not eliminated, in exercise tests on LLCE.
ResumoFundamento:A condição aeróbica, avaliada pela medida do VO2máx no teste cardiopulmonar de exercício máximo (TCPE) ou estimada por equações no teste de exercício, é preditora de mortalidade. Porém, o erro obtido pela estimativa em um dado indivíduo pode ser alto, afetando decisões clínicas.Objetivo:Determinar o erro de estimativa do VO2máx em cicloergometria em população atendida nos serviços de ergometria e propor equações específicas por sexo para minimizar o erro na estimativa do VO2máx.Métodos:Foram avaliados 1715 adultos (18 a 91 anos) (68% homens) submetidos a TCPE máximo em cicloergômetro de membros inferiores (CMI) com protocolo de rampa. Calculou-se o erro percentual (E%) entre o VO2máx medido e o estimado pela equação ACSM modificada (Lang e col. MSSE, 1992). A seguir, foram desenvolvidas equações de estimativa: 1) para toda a amostra testada (C-GERAL) e 2) separadamente por sexo (C-HOMENS e C-MULHERES).Resultados:O VO2máx medido foi maior em homens do que em mulheres - 29,4 ± 10,5 e 24,2 ± 9,2 mL.(kg.min)-1 (p < 0,01) -. As equações de estimativa do VO2máx foram mL.(kg.min)-1: C-GERAL = [carga final (W)/peso (kg)] x 10,483 + 7; C‑HOMENS = [carga final (W)/peso (kg)] x 10,791 + 7; e C-MULHERES = [carga final (W)/peso (kg)] x 9,820 + 7. Os E% em homens foram -3,4 ± 13,4% (ACSM modificada), 1,2 ± 13,2% (C-GERAL) e -0,9 ± 13,4% (C-HOMENS) (p < 0,01). Em mulheres, obtivemos: -14,7 ± 17,4% (ACSM modificada), -6,3 ± 16,5% (C-GERAL) e -1,7 ± 16,2% (C-MULHERES) (p < 0,01).Conclusão:O erro de estimativa do VO2máx através de equações específicas por sexo foi reduzido, porém não eliminado, nos testes de exercício em CMI.
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Adolescent , Adult , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Algorithms , Exercise Test/methods , Exercise/physiology , Oxygen Consumption/physiology , Age Factors , Linear Models , Reference Values , Reproducibility of Results , Sex Factors , Time FactorsABSTRACT
São escassos os relatos encontrados na literatura que fazem comparações entre diferentes espirômetros de incentivo (EI) e há diferenças nos métodos adotados. Assim, os objetivos do estudo foram comparar o efeito dos EI a fluxo Cliniflo® com fluxo pré-determinado e a volume Voldyne® na função pulmonar, mobilidade tóraco-abdominal e força muscular respiratória, assim como analisar as características dos protocolos de treinamento baseado na sobrecarga gerada por cada um desses EI em indivíduos saudáveis sedentários. Foram avaliados 20 indivíduos saudáveis sedentários de 18 a 30 anos, de ambos os sexos, distribuídos randomicamente entre dois grupos: grupo Cliniflo® (GC) e grupo Voldyne® (GV) e reavaliados após cinco semanas, por meio da espirometria, manovacuometria e cirtometria dinâmica, e foi calculado o índice de amplitude tóraco-abdominal (IA). Os indivíduos realizaram duas sessões semanais de treinamento muscular respiratório (TMR) durante cinco semanas, totalizando 10 sessões. Na análise intragrupos, no GC verificou-se aumento estatisticamente significativo da capacidade vital e do pico de fluxo expiratório (PFE), e no GV observou-se aumento significativo dos valores de capacidade vital forçada, do PFE e da ventilação voluntária máxima, obtidos pela espirometria. Quanto às pressões inspiratória e expiratória máximas e os IA axilar, xifoidiano e abdominal não foram observadas diferenças significativas em nenhum dos grupos. Quanto à análise intergrupos, também não foi observada diferença significativa entre eles. Conclui-se que o treinamento com EI a fluxo Cliniflo® e a volume Voldyne® proporcionaram melhora das capacidades pulmonares, pico de fluxo e, somente no a volume, na endurance muscular respiratória na amostra estudada. E quanto as características do treinamento, ambos geraram baixa sobrecarga e dessa forma, não caracterizaram-se como treinamentos de força muscular respiratória.(AU)
There are few reports in the literature to make comparisons between differente respiratory spirometer and there are differences in the adopted methods. The objectives of the study were to compare the effect of flow-oriented spirometer Cliniflo® with pre-determined flow and volume-oriented spirometer Voldyne® on the pulmonary function, thoracoabdominal mobility and muscle strength volume, as well as analyze the characteristics of training protocols based the overhead generated by each EI in sedentary healthy individuals. Twenty healthy sedentary individuals were assessed, aged from 18 to 30 years, of both sex, randomly assigned in two groups: Cliniflo® group (CG) and Voldyne® group (VG) and revalued after five weeks, by spirometry, manometer and cirtometry dynamics and was calculated the amplitude thoracoabdominal index (TAI). Subjects performed two weekly sessions of respiratory muscle training (RMT) for five weeks, totaling 10 sessions. . In the intragroup analysis, the CG was found statistically significant increase of vital capacity and peak expiratory flow (PEF), and VG showed a significant increase in the values of forced vital capacity, PEF, and maximal voluntary ventilation, obtained by spirometry. As for the maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures and TAI axillary, xiphoid and abdominal found no significant differences in either group. As for inter-group analysis, was not significantly different between them. In conclusion, training with the flow-oriented spirometer Cliniflo® and volume-oriented spirometer Voldyne® provided improves lung capacity, peak flow, and only on the volume in respiratory muscle endurance in the study sample. And the training characteristics, generated both low overhead and thus not characterized as respiratory muscle strength training.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Breathing Exercises , Physical Therapy Specialty , Respiratory Muscles , SpirometryABSTRACT
This article discuss about scientific basis of benefits of practicing slow pranayama, especially alternate nostril breathing pranayama. It explains the basis of benefit of alternate nostril breathing exercises and its probable relation with nasal cycle, cerebral dominance and autonomic nervous system. The airflow through one nostril is greater than next at any point of time which later switches to another. This is called nasal cycle. The nasal cycle lasts from 30 minutes to 2-3 hours. The nasal cycle occurs naturally. This nasal cycle is related with the cerebral dominance. When one nostril is dominant, the contra lateral hemisphere is active. The right nostril breathing leads to increased sympathetic activity while left nostril breathing decreases sympathetic activity and increases parasympathetic tone. So it has been speculated that these three phenomenon viz. nasal cycle, cerebral dominance and autonomic activities are correlated. This review also suggests that practicing alternate nostril breathing (Nadisodhan pranayma) regularly keeps the two hemispheres active and balances the sympathetic and parasympathetic activities in the body. Sympathetic or parasympathetic activity alternates automatically in our body which is important for our survival. Due to our hectic and stressful life, this naturally occurring alternate breathing cycle gets disrupted and we suffer from different ailments. These ailments are due to imbalance of autonomic nervous system which can be resolved by practicing alternate nostril breathing, the Nadisodhan pranayama. It’s just like returning back to nature.
ABSTRACT
Studies show that yogic type of breathing exercises reduces the spontaneous respiratory rate. However, there are no conclusive studies on the effects of breathing exercise on heart rate variability. We investigated the effects of non-yogic breathing exercise on respiratory rate and heart rate variability. Healthy subjects (21-33 years, both genders) were randomized into the intervention group (n=18), which performed daily deep breathing exercise at 6 breaths/min (0.1 Hz) for one month, and a control group (n=18) which did not perform any breathing exercise. Baseline respiratory rate and short-term heart rate variability indices were assessed in both groups. Reassessment was done after one month and the change in the parameters from baseline was computed for each group. Comparison of the absolute changes [median (inter-quartile ranges)] of the parameters between the intervention and control group showed a significant difference in the spontaneous respiratory rate [intervention group –2.50 (–4.00, –1.00), control group 0.00 (–1.00, 1.00), cycles/min, P<0.001], mean arterial pressure [intervention group –0.67 (–6.67, 1.33), control group 0.67 (0.00, 6.67), mmHg, (P<0.05)], high frequency power [intervention group 278.50 (17.00, 496.00), control group –1.00 (–341.00, 196.00), ms2 P<0.05] and sum of low and high frequency powers [intervention group 512.00 (–73.00, 999.00), control group 51.00 (–449.00, 324.00), ms2, P<0.05]. Neither the mean of the RR intervals nor the parameters reflecting sympatho-vagal balance were significantly different across the groups. In conclusion, the changes produced by simple deep slow breathing exercise in the respiratory rate and cardiac autonomic modulation of the intervention group were significant, when compared to the changes in the control group. Thus practice of deep slow breathing exercise improves heart rate variability in healthy subjects, without altering their cardiac autonomic balance. These findings have implications in the use of deep breathing exercises to improve cardiac autonomic control in subjects known to have reduced heart rate variability.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To conduct a systematic review to evaluate the evidence of the use of incentive spirometry (IS) for the prevention of postoperative pulmonary complications and for the recovery of pulmonary function in patients undergoing abdominal, cardiac and thoracic surgeries. METHODS: Searches were performed in the following databases: Medline, Embase, Web of Science, PEDro and Scopus to select randomized controlled trials which the IS was used in pre- and/or post-operative in order to prevent postoperative pulmonary complications and/or recover lung function after abdominal, cardiac and thoracic surgery. Two reviewers independently assessed all studies. In addition, the studies quality was assessed using the PEDro scale. RESULTS: Thirty studies were included (14 abdominal, 13 cardiac and 3 thoracic surgery; n=3,370 patients). In the analysis of the methodological quality, studies achieved a PEDro average score of 5.6, 4.7 and 4.8 points in abdominal, cardiac and thoracic surgeries, respectively. Five studies (3 abdominal, 1 cardiac and 1 thoracic surgery) compared the effect of the IS with control group (no intervention) and no difference was detected in the evaluated outcomes. CONCLUSION: There was no evidence to support the use of incentive spirometry in the management of surgical patients. Despite this, the use of incentive spirometry remains widely used without standardization in clinical practice.
OBJETIVO: Realizar um levantamento da literatura para avaliar as evidências do uso do incentivador respiratório (IR) na prevenção de complicações pulmonares pós-operatórias (CPPs) e recuperação da função pulmonar em pacientes submetidos a cirurgias abdominal, cardíaca e torácica. MÉTODOS: Esta revisão sistemática utilizou as bases de dados Medline, Embase, Web of Science, PEDro e Scopus para selecionar ensaios clínicos randomizados, nos quais o IR foi utilizado nos período pré e/ou pós-operatório, visando prevenir CPP e/ou recuperar função pulmonar após cirurgias abdominal, cardíaca ou torácica. Dois revisores analisaram independentemente os estudos. Além disso, a qualidade dos estudos foi avaliada segundo a escala PEDro. RESULTADOS: Trinta estudos foram incluídos (14 de cirurgia abdominal, 13 de cardíaca e três de torácica; n=3370 pacientes). Na análise de qualidade, os estudos obtiveram média de 5,6, 4,7 e 4,8 pontos nas cirurgias abdominais, cardíacas e torácicas, respectivamente. Cinco estudos (três de cirurgia abdominal, um de cardíaca e um de torácica) compararam o efeito do IR com grupo controle (sem intervenção) e não se verificou diferença nos desfechos estudados. CONCLUSÃO: Não se encontraram evidências que subsidiem o uso do IR no manejo de pacientes cirúrgicos. Apesar disso, o uso do IR continua não-padronizado e amplamente difundido na prática clínica.
Subject(s)
Humans , Lung Diseases/prevention & control , Physical Therapy Modalities , Spirometry , Surgical Procedures, Operative/adverse effects , Lung Diseases/etiologyABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop a Dan Jeon Breathing Model and to identify effects of the developed Dan Jeon Breathing Model for maintenance and promotion of health and improvement of health problems in middle-aged women. METHOD: This study was constructed with two procedures. The first procedure was to develop appropriate movements for middle-aged women, performing a focus group discussion and developing a Dan Jeon Breathing Model in qualitative research. The collected data from focus group discussions was categorized for fitting movements. The second procedure was to verify and conclude a Hypothetic Dan Jeon Breathing Model through a quasi-experimental nonequivalent control group pre-post test design. RESULT: The developed Dan Jeon Breathing Model was composed of 28 preparation movements to accept Ki comfortably, 10 breathing movements to accumulate Ki for activation of metabolic function in organs and 14 finishing movements to transmit activated Ki to organs. It took 40 minutes to do them. In the Second procedure, the score of physical health (t=4.205, p=.000), psycho-social health(t=3.292, p=.002) and physical strength of the experimental group(t=5.905, p=.000) was higher than that of the control group. CONCLUSION: The Dan Jeon Breathing Model developed in this study is the correct health promotion model for middle-aged women, their demand, developmental traits and health problems.